What is an IP address?
An IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be 0 to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.
Domain Name System (DNS): This allows the IP address to be translated to words. It is much easier for us to remember a word than a series of numbers. The same is true for email addresses. For example, it is much easier for you to remember a web address name such as whatismyip.com than it is to remember 192.168.1.1 or in the case of email it is much easier to remember email@somedomain.com than email@192.168.1.1 .
Dynamic IP Address: An IP address that is not static and could change at any time. This IP address is issued to you from a pool of IP addresses allocated by your ISP or DHCP Server. This is for a large number of customers that do not require the same IP Address all the time for a variety of reasons. Your computer will automatically get this number as it logs on to the network and saves you the trouble of having to know details regarding the specific network configurations. This number can be assigned to anyone using a dial-up connection, Wireless and High Speed Internet connections. If you need to run your own email server or web server, it would be best to have a static IP.
Static IP Address: An IP address that is fixed and never changes. This is in contrast to a dynamic IP address which may change at any time. Most ISP's a single static IP or a block of static IP's for a few extra bucks a month.
IPv4 -
IPv4 stands for Internet Protocol version 4. It is the underlying technology that makes it possible for us to connect our devices to the web. IPv4 addresses are actually 32-bit numbers. This means that there are 232, or just over four billion, possible addresses. Whenever a device access the Internet (whether it’s a PC, Mac, smartphone or other device), it is assigned a unique, numerical IP address such as 99.48.227.227. To send data from one computer to another through the web, a data packet must be transferred across the network containing the IP addresses of both devices.
IPv6 -
IPv6 is the sixth revision to the Internet Protocol and the successor to IPv4. It functions similarly to IPv4 in that it provides the unique, numerical IP addresses necessary for Internet-enabled devices to communicate. However, it does sport one major difference: it utilizes 128-bit addresses. IPv6 utilizes 128-bit Internet addresses. Therefore, it can support 2128 Internet addresses. That’s a lot of addresses, so many that it requires a hexadecimal system to display the addresses.
(Note: 2128 is equal to 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
Number Systems:
There are three types of number systems in networking;
i) Binary = ‘0’ or ‘1’
ii) Decimal = 0,1,2,3, ……
iii) Hexadecimal = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A(10) ,B(11) ,C(12) ,D(13) ,E(14) ,F(15)
Note:
1 bit = 0 or 1
8 bits = 1 Byte
Note: 2 to the power of 0 is '1'
Converting Decimal to Binary -
Example (1);
To convert a decimal value 169 to a binary put ‘1’ for all the bits that when added up will give the value 169 and the rest will be ‘0’. That is,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Explanation: 128+32+8+1 = 169
Example (2);
To convert decimal value 137 to binary,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Explanation: 128+8+1 = 137
Converting Binary to Decimal -
Example (1);
To convert a binary value 11111010 to decimal you just need to add together the bits for each corresponding ‘1’ in the binary value. That is,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
Explanation: 128+64+32+16+8+2 = 250
Example (2);
Convert 11001111 to decimal.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
Explanation: 128+64+8+4+2+1 = 207
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal -
Example (1);
To convert a binary value, for eg. 11010101 to Hexadecimal, first you need to divide them in half. That is,
1101 | 0101, then
24 22 21 20 | 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 1 | 0 1 0 1 ,then you find the decimal value for each half.
13 | 5
Now 13 in Hexadecimal format is denoted as D. (See Number Systems to confirm)
Therefore the hexadecimal value of the given binary value is, OXD5 or D5
Converting Decimal to Binary
Example
(1);
To convert a decimal value
169 to a binary put ‘1’ for all the bits that when added up will give the value
169 and the rest will be ‘0’. That is,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
Explanation: 128+32+8+1 = 169
Example
(2);
To convert decimal value 137
to binary,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Explanation: 128+8+1 = 137
Converting Binary to Decimal
Example
(1);
To convert a binary value 11111010
to decimal you just need to add together the bits for each corresponding ‘1’ in
the binary value. That is,
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
Explanation: 128+64+32+16+8+2
= 250
Example
(2);
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
Explanation: 128+64+8+4+2+1 =
207
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal
Example
(1);
To convert a binary value,
for eg. 11010101 to Hexadecimal, first you need to divide them in half. That
is,
1101 | 0101, then
24 22 21 20 | 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 1 | 0 1 0 1 ,then
you find the decimal value for each half.
13 | 5
Now 13 in Hexadecimal format
is denoted as D.
Therefore the hexadecimal
value of the given binary value is, OXD5 or D5
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